gartin



E. G. GARTIN PERCUSSIVE MOTOR Filed June 1. 1920 Patented Get. 5, 192%.

pairs rear ELMER Gr. GA'R'EIN,0F CLAREIVZGNT, NEW HAMPSHIRE, ASSIGNOR TO SULL TVAN MA CHINEBY COM?ANY, A CORPORATION OF MASSACHUSETTS.

rnnoussrvn oron.

Application filed June 1,

percussive motor in which improved fluid;

distribution means is pro ided. A. (still further object of my inventlon. ls'to prov de an improved percussive motor for submarine use in which the fluid supply connections may be as simple as possible and, to the maximum degree, leave the workman tree from danger of entanglement. Further ob jects of my invention will appear in the course of the following specification and claims. V

In the accompanying drawings I have shown for purposes of illustration one form which my invention may assume in practice.

In these drawings,-

Fig. 1 is a view partially in elevation and partially in central longitudinal section of a motor embodying the illustrative form of my improved construction.

Fig. 2 is anenlarged'view of the cylinder taken on line 2'2 of Fig. 51, and showing the piston in one position. i

Fig. .3 is a similar viewshowing the piston approaching the opposite position.

Fl l is a transverse section on the line 4-4. for Fig. 2.

I have chosen for the illustrative embodi ment of my invent om'a motor of the percussive type which is especially adapted for use in submarine work. In such work, it is requisite that a water tight tool be provided and it is further requisite that the connections shall be as few as possible in order to prevent interference with and entanglement of the workman. Also for work in water of relatively great depth, it is essential that eX- haust fluid from the motor be released well above the level of the workor conducted to the surface, as in relatively deep waterit is possible that the exhaust pressure may be below the hydrostatic head. In even relatively shallow water in the intervals between exhaust from the opposite ends of the cyl1nder there would be a tendency for areverse H f Water i t the m re, hi w not only considerably retard its operation but might checkit entirely as well' as injure the finish of the working parts. It w ll be obvious, however, that my improved "con- 1920. Serial no. sea-72c.

struction is not limited .to use in submarine work as the construction is well adapted for use also with drills of theso called ground hog'type.'

' In-the illustrative embodiment, my motor consists rota cylinder 1 provided adjacent its forward .end with a housing 2 in which aldrill steel isadapted to be retained and which may be, if necessary, provided with a su ab tyr io wate g t p'a kins- Th rear end of the cylinder is close'dfby the head 3 to which a handle member e-is attached; the cylinder. '1, the head member 3 and the handle member 4t being connected by bolts passing through allthr'ee or them. The cylinder is providedwith a bore 5 in which there is re'ciprocable, under action oi the pressure fluid, .a piston 6 provided with'a striking bar 7 adapted .to impact uponthe end of a steelS which is received in the housing 2. The piston-is bored ont at its rear endto provide a cylindrical chamber 10 between the ends of which an annular Jen larged groove 11 is formed. 'Entendingl forr, wardly from the. groove are several spaced ports 12 communicating with the forward end of .the cylinder boreo at the front end of the'jpiston. Formed the exterior periphery of the piston member and langularly spaced between the passages 12 tare several shallow grooves 13Iwhich communicate by means of passages 14: with thei foi ward end of the bore 10 ofthe piston. The cylinder'bore' 5 adjacent therear end there'- of is provided with an enlarged annular groove 15 adaptedto be overrun bythe'endsolfthegrooves 13 when the-piston is adjacent the rearend of its stroke, and having its forward edge adapted to cooperate with the rear ends of the grooves .13 toc ontrol admission and out off of fluid tothe rear end of the motor cylinder. Passing through a bore in the handle member gt and naking a tight fit therewith is a hollow fluid con ductingmember 21 which extends into the rear end o'f the cylinder 5 and at its forward end makes a close fit with the interior or the piston bore 10. This member. 21 is providedwith a central bore 22 for the conduction of live fluid from a suitable supply line and is also formed upon its exterior periphery with a series of spaced grooves 24 extending longitudinally item a ,point adjacent the front end thereot to a point adjacent the rear thereof where communication is had ion with the exhaust connection 25. The cylinder head me iber 3 is provided with forward extension26 in which are formed several'openings 27 and these openings communicate with the grooves 2a in the iiuid conducting member 21. The forward end of the member 26 makes a tight joint with the member 2].. The ports 27 cooperate as will hereinafter be described with'the passages 24 to conduct the exhaust from both ends of the cylinder 5 to the exhaust connection 25.

The operation of this illustrative embodiment of my improved motor is as follows; Starting with the position of the piston shown in Fig. 2, live fluid is supplied from the passage 23 through the bore 22 to the interidr of the chamber 10 and passes thence by way of the passages 14, grooves 13. and annular groove 15 to the rear end of the cylinder and accordingly the piston will move forward under the pressure of live fluid acting upon the circular area, constituting the front end of the bore 10, andthe annular area of the back end of the piston. At this time it will be noted that; the front end of the cylinder 5 is in communication by means of passage 12, groove 11, port 27 and longitudinal groove 24 with the exhaust connecr tion 25 and accordingly such fluid as may be in the forward end of the cylinder is free to pass to the exhaust. As the piston 6 moves forward, the rear ends of the grooves 13 overrun the forward edge of the annular groove 15 and accordingly the admission of live fluid to the rear end of the cylinder is discontinued. From this moment to the instant when the rear end of the piston overruns ports 27, the piston 6 moves forward under the expansive action of fluid on the rear end of the piston and live fluid acting on the circular area at the front end of the bore 10. When the ports 27 are overrun by the rear end of the piston, exhaust from the rear end of the cylinder takes place and, as prior to that moment live fluid. has begun to be conducted to the front end of the cylinder by way of the groove 11 and ports 12, it will be obvious that the forward movement of the piston will speedily be checked and its direction reversed. Upon the return movement of the piston, admission to the front end of the cylinder will continue until the front end of the groove 11 passes beyond the front end of the member 21. at which time out off will occur and from that moment on the piston will move under the expansive action of the fluid entrapped in the front end of the cylinder until the exhaust ports 27 again communicate with the rearwardly moving groove 11. at which time exhaust from the front end of the cyinder will occur. As soon as the live fluid which at about the same moment is admitted to the rear end of the cylinder, and the live fluid which has been continuously acting on the circular area of the front of the bore 10, overcomes the momentum of the piston 6, its direction. will be reversed and the double cycle of op -.rations described will be repeated.

It will be noted that l have shown a pas sage 28 extending longitudinally through the striking bar and conducting fluid to the chuck housing and to a hollow steel, if one be used. This expedient prevents danger of leakage of water into the front end of the cylinder when the air pressure 'is greater than the water pressure and is also of utility when the tool is used as a ground hog, as it supplies means to blow chips to the surface.

desired.

From the foregoing description, it will be noted that I have. provided fluid motor havconcentrically arranged supply and er;- haust means. A. single fluid exhaust means for both ends of the cylinder is also provided, and it will also be noted that "y means of the concentric arrangement described, very simple fluid supply and exhaust connection may be made to the motor, the rear ends of the members 21'. and 4 being provided with threaded portions for the purpose of permitting attachment to both of the concentric supply and exhaust means.

lVhile l have in this application specifically described one form which my invention may assume in practice, it will be understood that this form of the same is shown for purposes of illustration and that the invention may be modified and embodied in other forms without departing from its spirit or the scope of the appended claims.

lVha-t I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. A valveless fluid pressure percussive motor comprising a cylinder, a piston reciprocable therein having a constant pressure chambenand fluid distribution means for effecting reciprocation of said piston comprising concentrically arranged means extending within said cylinder and into said chamber and between which and said piston relativ movement occurs for conducting live and exhaust motive fluid respectively to and from both ends of said cylinder. I

2. A valveless fluid pressure percussive motor comprising a cylinder a piston reciprocable therein having a constant pressure chamber and fluid distribution means for effecting reciprocation of said piston com prising means co'axially disposed With said piston and between which and said piston. relative, movement occurs and having communication with said chamber for conduct ing live fluid through said chamber to both ends of said cylinder and for conducting exhaust motive fluid from both ends of said cylinder. V V

3. A fluid pressure percussive motor com- This passage may obviously be omitted if prising a cylinder, a piston. reciprocable therein provided with a bore within which fluid under pressure is maintained, and fluid distribution means for effecting reciprocation of said piston comprisinga fluid supply member projecting-into said bore from one end of said cylinder and having telescopic sliding engagementwith said piston, and means also formed on said member for conducting exhaust fluid from both ends of said cylinder.

4. A fluid pressure percussive motor comprising a cylinder, a piston reciprocable therein, said piston being provided with a bore within which fluid under pressure is maintained, and fluid distribution means for effecting reciprocation-oi said piston coniprising a member projecting into, said bore from one end of said cylinder and relative to which said piston is movable, said member being provided with concentric fluid supply and exhaust passages extending to points outsidethe cylinder bore, and means on said piston for conducting live fluid to both ends of said cylinder and exhaust fluid from one end of said cylinder.

5. A fluid pressure percussiveinotor comprising a cylinder, a piston reciprocable therein having a hollow bore within which fluid under pressure is maintained, a member closing one end of sa d cylinder, a men ber provided with a grasping'portion se' cured to the same end of said cylinder, and fluid distribution means for eflecting reciprocation of said piston comprising an extension formed on said first mentioned mem ber and entering said bore and relative to which said piston is movable, a member formed on said second mentioned member disposed concentrically with-respect to said first mentioned member and also extending into said latter member, and concentrically arrange-d passages in the inner one of said two latter members and between said members cooperating with said piston to distribute live fluid to and conduct exhaust fluid from both ends of said cylinder.

6. A fluid pressure percussive motor comprising a cylinder member, a piston reciprocable .therein having a constant pressure chamber, fluid supply means for said motor including a passage forming member relative to which said piston is movable pro jecting longitudinally into said cylinder and constantly communicating with said chamber in said piston, and exhaust means comprising a passage formed in said member and a port constantly communicating with said passage and adapted to communicate with the interior of said cylinder at the opposite ends of the latter near the end of alternate piston strokes.

7. A valveless fluid pressure percussive motor comprising a cylinder, a piston reciprocable therein having an internal constant pressure chamber, and fluid distribution;-

means for effecting reciprocation of said piston comprising means concentric with said piston and extendingfrom one end of said cylinder into said-internal chamber for conducting exhaust fluid from both ends o said cylinder, said means having telescopic sliding relation with said piston.

8. A vaweless-fltiid pressurepercussive motor comprising a cylinder, apisjton reciprocable therein having an nternal constant pressure chamber, and fluid distribution;

means for effecting reciprocation of said piston comprising pressure fluid supply and communicable with said supply and exhaust means and one end of said cylinder and adapted to discharge exhaust fluid from said cylinder and admit pressure fluid thereto.

9. A valveless fluid pressure percussive motor comprising a cylinder,fa piston reciprocable therein having an internal constant pressure chamber, andfluid distributionnieansforefl'ecting reciprocation of said piston comprising pressure fluid supplyand exhaust means including an-element'extend ing into said chamber and relative to which.

said'piston is movable, and a passageway in said piston communicable withsaid supply and exhaust means and oneend of said cy'l- I inder and adapted to discharge exhaust fluid from said'cylinder and admit pressure fluid thereto. r i i 10. valveless fluid pressure motor coniprising a cylinder, a piston recipi'ocable therein having an internal constant pressure chamber, and fluid distribution means for effecting reciprocation of said piston coinprising fluid supply and discharge means. for

said cylinder including an element projecting into said chamber and relative to which said piston is movable, a passageway in said piston communicable with said supply and discharge means and adapted to admit pres sure fluid to or discharge exhaust fluid from one end of said cylinder, andmeans for supplying fluid pressure to and discharging exhaust fluid fromthe other end of said cylinder. r

11. A valvelessfluid pressure motor comprising a cylinder, a piston recipro'cable therein having an internal constant pressure chamber, and fluid distribution means 'for eiiecting reciprocation of said piston comprising fluid supply and discharge means for said cylinder includingan element projectink into said chamber and relative to which said piston is movable, a passageway in said piston communicable with said supply and discharge means and adapted to admit pressure fluid to or discharge exhaust fluid from one end of said cylinder, and means for supplying fluid pressure to and discharging GK",

haust from the other end of said cylinder, said latter means having passages adapted to cooperate with said first mentioned passageway.

12. A fluid motor comprising a cylinder, a piston reciprocable therein having an internal constant pressure chamber, and fluid distribution means for effecting reciprocation of said piston including a member extending axially within said piston relative to which the latt r is movable and communieating with said chamber for conducting motive fluid to the latter and for conducting the exhaust motive fluid from both ends of said cylinder.

13. A fluid motor comprising a cylinder, a piston reciprocable therein having an internal constant pressure chamber, and fluid distribution means for eflecting reciprocation of said piston including a member secured to said cylinder and extending axially within said piston ano communicating with said chamber for conducting motive fluid to the latter and for conducting the exhaust motive fluid from both ends 01 said cylinder.

l l. A fluid motor comprising a cylinder, a piston reciprocable therein having an internal constant pressure chamber, and fluid distribution means. for effecting reciprocation of said piston including a member hav ing concentric axially extending passages formed therein projecting within said piston and relative to which the latter is movable and communicating with said chamber for conducting motive fluid to the latter and for conducting exhaust motive fluid from both ends of said cylinder.

15. A fluid motor comprising a cylinder,

a piston reciprocable therein having an internal constant pressure chamber, and fluid distribution means for effecting reciprocation of said piston including means controlled by said piston and relative to wlnch the latter is movable including a member extending axially withinsaid piston and communicating with said chamber for conducting motive fluid to the latter and for conducting the exhaust motive fluid from both ends of said cylinder.

16. A fluid motor comprising a cylinder, a piston reciproca-ble therein having an internal constant pressure chamber, and fluid d stribution means for eii ecting reciprocation of said piston including common means including an elementprojecting into said chamber and relative to which said piston is movable iior conducting both the supply of 'luid to and the exhaust of fluid from both ends of said cylinder.

1 A fluid motor comprising a cylinder, a piston reciprocable therein having an inte nal constant pressure chamber, and fluid o. tribution means for eiiecting reciprocation of said piston including common means controlled by said piston and including an element projecting into said chamber for conducting both the supply of fluid to and the exhaust ,oi' fluid from both ends of said cylinder. i

. 1 fluid motor comprising acylinder,

constant pressure chamber formed erein, and fluid distribution means for effecting.reciprocation of said piston includ ing means for mantaining fluid under pres sure in said chamber during operation of said piston, and means relative towhich said piston is movable including a passage ex tending within and controlled by a wall of.

said chamber for conducting the exhaust on reciprocable therein having" an in fluid from the opposite ends of said cylinder.

In testimony whereof I atflx my signature.

ELMER a. sauna. 

